Tag: Fashion

  • Normalizing Size and Color in Fashion Using AI to Power Competitive Price Intelligence

    Normalizing Size and Color in Fashion Using AI to Power Competitive Price Intelligence

    Fashion is as dynamic a market as any—and more competitive than most others. Consumer trends and customer needs are always evolving, making it challenging for fashion and apparel brands to keep up.

    Despite the inherent difficulties fashion and apparel sellers face, this industry is one of the largest grossing markets in the world, estimated at $1.79 trillion in 2024. Global revenue for apparel is expected to grow at an annual rate of about 3.3% over the next four years. That means companies in this space stand to make significant revenue if they can competitively price their products, keep up with the competition, and win customer loyalty with consistent product availability.

    There are three main categories in fashion and apparel. These include:

    • Apparel and clothing (i.e., shirts, pants, dresses, and other apparel)
    • Footwear (i.e., sneakers, sandals, heels, and other products)
    • Accessories (i.e., bags, belts, watches, and so on)

    If you look at all of these product types across all sorts of retailers, there is a massive amount of overlapping data based on product attributes like style and size that are difficult to normalize.

    Fashion Attributes

    Style, color, and size are the main attribute categories in fashion and apparel. Style attributes include things like design, look, and overall aesthetics of the product. They’re very dependent on the actual product category of fashion as well. A shirt might have a slim fit attribute associated with it, whereas a belt might have a length. All these different attributes are usually labeled within a product listing and affect the consumer’s decision-making process:

    • Color (red, blue, sea green, etc.)
    • Pattern (solid, striped, checked, floral, etc.)
    • Material (cotton, polyester, leather, denim, silk, etc.)
    • Fit (regular, slim, relaxed, oversized, tailored, etc.)
    • Type (casual, formal, sporty, vintage, streetwear)

    Color Complexity in Fashion

    Color is perhaps the most visually distinctive attribute in fashion, yet it presents unique challenges for retailers. This is because color naming can vary across retailers and marketplaces. There are several major differences in color convention:

    • A single color can be labeled differently across brands (e.g., “navy,” “midnight blue,” “deep blue”)
    • Seasonal color names (e.g., “summer sage” vs. “forest green”)
    • Marketing-driven names (e.g., “sunset coral” vs. “pale orange”)
    Differences in color naming - challenges faced by fashion retail intelligence systems

    Size: The Other Critical Dimension

    Size in fashion refers to the dimensions or measurements that determine how fashion products fit. Depending on whether the product is a clothing item, shoes, or a hat, there will be different sizing options. Types of sizes include:

    • Standard sizes (XS, S, M, L, XL, XXL, XXL)
    • Custom sizes (based on brand, retailer, country, etc.)

    A single type of product may have different sizing labels. For instance, one pants listing may use traditional S, M, L, XL sizing, while another pants listing may use 24, 25, or 26, to refer to the waist measurement.

    Size Variations - challenges faced by fashion retail intelligence systems
    Size Variations - challenges faced by fashion retail intelligence systems
    Size Variations - challenges faced by fashion retail intelligence systems

    Size is a dynamic attribute that changes based on current trends. For example, there has recently been a significant shift towards inclusive sizing. Size inclusivity refers to the practice of selling apparel in a wide range of sizes to accommodate people of all body types. Consumers are more aware of this trend and are demanding a broader range of sizing offerings from the brands they shop from.

    In the US market, in particular, some 67% of American women wear a size 14 or above and may be interested in purchasing plus-size clothing. There is a growing demand in the plus-size market for more options and a wider selection. Many brands are considering expanding their sizes to accommodate more shoppers and tap into this growing revenue channel.

    Pricing Based on Size and Color

    Many fashion products are priced differently based on size and color. Let’s take a look at an example of what this can look like.

    Different colors may retail at different price points.

    A popular beauty brand (see image) is known for its viral lip tint. While most of the color variants are priced at $9.90 on Amazon, a specific colorway option, featuring less pigmented options, is priced at $9.57. This price differential is driven by both material costs and market demand.

    Different colorways (any of a range of combinations of colors in which a style or design is available) of the same product often command different prices also. This is based on:

    • Dye costs (some colors require more expensive processes)
    • Seasonal demand (traditional colors vs. trend colors)
    • Exclusivity (limited edition colors)

    An example of price variations by size is a women’s shirt that is being sold on Amazon as shown below. For this product, there are no style attributes to choose from. The only parameter the shopper has to select is the size they’d like to purchase. They can choose from S to XL. On the top, we can see that the product in size S is ₹389. Below, the size XL version of this same shirt is ₹399. This price increase is correlated to the change in size.

    Different sizes may retail at different price points.
    Different sizes may retail at different price points.

    So why are these same products priced differently? In an analysis of One Six, a plus-size clothing brand, several reasons for this difference in plus-size clothing were determined.

    • Extra material is needed, hence an increase in production costs
    • Extra stitching costs, hence an increase in production costs
    • Production of plus-size clothing often means acquiring specialized machinery
    • Smaller scale production runs for plus-size clothing means these initiatives often don’t benefit from cost savings

    Some sizes are sold more than others, meaning that in-demand sizes for certain apparel can affect pricing as well. Brands want to be able to charge as much as possible for their listing without risking losing a sale to a competitor.

    The Competitive Pricing Challenge: Normalizing Product Attributes Across Competitors in Apparel and Fashion

    There are hundreds of possible attribute permutations for every single apparel product. Some retailers may only sell core sizes and basic colors; some may sell a mix of sizes for multiple style types. Most retailers also sell multiple color variants for all styles they have on catalog. Other retailers may only sell a single, in-demand size of the product. Also, when other retailers are selling the product, it’s unlikely that their naming conventions, color options, style options, and sizing match yours one-for-one.

    In one analysis, it was found that there were 800+ unique values for heel sizes and 1000+ unique values for shirts and tops at a single retailer! If you’re looking to compare prices, the effort involved in setting up and managing lookup tables to identify discrepancies when one retailer uses European sizes and another uses USA sizes, for example, is simply too onerous to contemplate doing. Colors only add to the complexity – as similar colors may have new names in different regions and locations as well!

    Even if you managed to find all the discrepancies between product attributes, you would still need to update them any time a competitor changed a convention.

    Still, monitoring your competitors and strategically pricing your listings is essential to maintain and grow market share. So what do you do? You can’t simply eyeball your competitor’s website to check their pricing and naming conventions. Instead, you need advanced algorithms to scan the entire marketplace, identify individual products being sold, and normalize their data and attributes for analysis.

    Getting Color and Size Level Pricing Intelligence

    With DataWeave, size and color are just two of several dimensions of a product instead of an impossible big data problem for teams. Our product matching engine can easily handle color and sizing complexity via our AI-driven approach combined with human verification.

    This works by using AI built on more than 10 years of product catalog data across thousands of retail websites. It matches common identifiers, like UPC, SKU code, and other attributes for harmonization before employing a large language model (LLM) prompts to normalize color variations and sizing to a single standard.

    The data flow DataWeave uses for product sizing and color normalization

    For example, if a competitor has the smallest size listed as Sm but has your smallest listing identified as S, DataWeave can match those two attributes using AI. Similar classification can be performed on color as well.

    Complex LLM prompts are pre-established so that this process is fast and efficient, taking minutes rather than weeks of manual effort.

    Harmonizing products along with their color and sizing data across different retailers for further analysis has several benefits. Most importantly, product matching helps teams conduct better competitive analysis, allowing them to stay informed about market trends, competitors’ offerings, and how those competitors are pricing various permutations of the same product. It helps ensure that you’re offering the most competitive assortment of sizing in several colors to win more market share as well. Overall, it’s easier for teams to gain insights and exploit their findings when all the data is clean and available at their fingertips.

    Product Matching Size and Color in Apparel and Fashion

    Color and size are crucial attributes for retailers and brands in the apparel and fashion industry. It adds a level of complexity that can’t be overstated. While it’s a necessity to win consumers (more colors and sizes will mean a wider potential reach), the more permutations you add to your listing, the more complicated it will be to track it against your competition. However, This challenge is worth undertaking as long as you have the right solutions at your disposal.

    With a strategy backed by advanced technology to discover identical and similar products across the competitive landscape and normalize their color and sizing attributes, you can ensure that you are competitively pricing your products and offering the best assortment possible. Employing DataWeave’s AI technology to find competitor listings, match products across variants, and track pricing regularly is the way to go.

    Interested in learning more about DataWeave? Click here to get in touch!

  • Amazon India’s Pricing and Discounts on Prime Day 2023: A Deep Dive Analysis Across Leading Categories and Brands

    Amazon India’s Pricing and Discounts on Prime Day 2023: A Deep Dive Analysis Across Leading Categories and Brands

    Amazon’s India Prime Day 2023 shattered previous records with a peak of 22,190 orders received in a minute. An important aspect of Amazon’s India Prime Day was the benefits it offers to Prime Members. Thousands of sellers, brands, and bank partners collaborated to help Prime members save a staggering sum of over Rs. 300 Crores. The 2 day (July 15-16) event even witnessed strong growth in Prime membership, with 14% more members shopping than last year’s Prime Day event. 45,000+ new products were launched by over 400+ top Indian and global brands.

    However, our analysis reveals that Amazon was able to make a huge splash despite adopting a relatively modest discounting strategy for the event.

    Pricing and Discounts on Prime Day 2023

    While Prime Day is Amazon’s showstopper, bringing huge benefits to partner brands and sellers, it’s interesting to also see how Flipkart responded to such a massive sale by its biggest competitor. Therefore, we leveraged our proprietary data aggregation and analysis platform to analyze the prices and discounts of Amazon and Flipkart across key product categories – Apparel, Home & Furniture, Consumer Electronics, and Health & Beauty – during Prime Day.

    Since products on Amazon and other eCommerce websites are often sold at discounts even on normal days not linked to a sale event, we delved into the real value that Prime Day offers to shoppers by focusing on price reductions or additional discounts during the sale compared to the week before. As a result, our approach highlights the genuine benefits of the event for shoppers who count on lower prices during the sale.

    Research Methodology

    For our analysis, we tracked the prices of a large number of products across Amazon and Flipkart during Prime Day as well as the week prior to the event. The details of our sample are mentioned below:

    • Number of SKUs: 85,000+
    • Retailers: Amazon, Flipkart
    • Categories: Apparel, Home & Furniture, Consumer Electronics, Health & Beauty
    • Pre-event Analysis:10-14 July 2023
    • Prime Day Analysis: 15-16 July 2023

    Our Findings

    Based on our analysis, Prime Day showcased relatively higher price reductions in the Health and Beauty category, offering an average additional discount of 5.3%. In comparison, the Apparel category had lower discounts at 4.90%, followed by the Home & Furniture category at 2.50% during the sale event.

    Average price reduction on Amazon on Prime Day across categories.

    The Consumer Electronics category, known for attractive prices during sale events, featured only 0.9% price reductions. This is due to the fact that the category was already being sold at a very high average discount of around 44.8% the week prior to Prime Day.

    Below, we delve deeper into our analysis of each category to better understand how price reductions were distributed across key subcategories on Amazon. We also report on the degree to which Flipkart responded to Amazon’s pricing actions during the event.

    Apparel

    As Amazon grappled with heightened costs and reduced profit margins in apparel (like most other retailers), its average discount before Prime Day was already at 36.5%. Then, on Prime Day, Amazon’s apparel deals were tempered at around 4.9% average price reduction across 43.7% of its assortment.

    Flipkart, on the other hand, offered only a modest additional discount of 1.8% across 17.7% of its Apparel assortment. It’s clear that while Flipkart took steps to compete against Amazon in this category, it was done to a lower extent on fewer products than Amazon.

    Apparel average price reduction across retailers on Prime Day.

    Across all the apparel subcategories we analyzed, Men’s Shoes (11.6%), Women’s Shoes (9.5%), and Men’s Shirts (8.7%) were among the ones with the highest price reductions. On the other hand, Men’s and Women’s Swimwear (2.3%), Women’s Innerwear (2.9%), and Women’s Athleisure (3.3%) had conservative markdowns.

    Apparel average price reduction across subcategories on Amazon.

    Pricing choices within different subcategories likely stemmed from a range of factors, such as inventory quantities, trends in demand, and the aim to harmonize competitive deals with the maintenance of viable profit margins. These decisions reflect Amazon’s attempt to cater to a consumer base that is particularly conscious of pricing.

    Across all apparel subcategories, leading brands that offered the highest markdowns were Sweet Dreams (65.5%), Ketch (55.1%), Clarks (44.9%), and Kibo (38.4%). Meanwhile, Reebok and Adidas offered significant additional discounts at 26.3% and 24.9%, respectively, as well.

    Apparel average price reduction across leading brands on Amazon.

    For brands, however, reducing prices is just one approach to entice shoppers. They must also guarantee their prominent presence and easy discoverability within Amazon’s search results. This significantly amplifies their potential to generate higher clicks and conversions. In our analysis, we monitored brands’ Share of Search across various frequently used search terms in addition to the discounts they provided. The Share of Search denotes the portion of a brand’s products within the top 20 search results for a specific search query.

    Our data indicates that certain brands gained ground in their discoverability during Prime Day, while others fell behind. Van Heusen in Women’s Athleisure (30%), Campus in Men’s Shoes (50%), and Rovar’s (30%) in Women’s Swimwear among others, improved their Share of Search by significant levels during Prime Day.

    Apparel share of search on Amazon on Prime Day.

    On the other hand, brands like Sparkx in Men’s Shoes, Xyxx in Men’s Innerwear, WomanLikeU in Women’s Swimwear, and Adidas in Women’s Shoes lost around 40%-80% in their Share of Search during the event. This is likely to have impacted their sales volumes adversely.

    Home & Furniture

    The Home & Furniture industry faced challenges of reduced demand and overstocked inventory over the past year. Therefore, even before Prime Day, discounts offered in this category on Amazon averaged a staggering 45.3%. Consequently, on Amazon Prime Day, additional discounts averaged only 2.5% on Amazon, offered across 33.3% of its assortment. Flipkart opted, in effect, not to compete with Amazon in this category, offering a negligible additional discount of 0.8% across 14.70% of its assortment.

    Home & furniture average price reduction across retailers on Prime Day.

    Of all the Home & Furniture subcategories we analyzed, Luggage (5.1%), Beds (3.9%), and Coffee Tables (3.1%) had high price reductions, while Rugs (0.6%), Bookcases (1.5%), and Washer/Dryers (1.2%) had lower markdowns. This highlights the difference in consumer preferences across geographies, with rugs being more discretionary in India but staple in the US.

    Home & furniture average price reduction across subcategories on Amazon.

    The Home & Furniture category is not known for its brand loyalty among shoppers. Therefore, brands often rely on attractive pricing to gain shopper interest. This Prime Day, brands that offered the highest markdowns in this category include It Luggage (40%), Couch Culture (25.8%), Story@Home (23.3%), and Verage (21.2%).

    Home & furniture average price reduction across leading brands on Amazon.

    In terms of Share of Search, Wudparadise in Entertainment Units gained the highest (50%). Solimo (an Amazon Brand) in Beds (40%), Sofas (30%), and Coffee Tables (10%) gained significant ground in its respective categories too. In contrast, About Space in Bookcases (-60%), Anika in Entertainment Units (-40%), and Sleepyhead in Mattresses (-40%) lost out on their discoverability in their respective categories during the event.

    Home & furniture share of search on Amazon on Prime Day.

    To gain a competitive edge during sale events like Prime Day, brands need to monitor their Share of Search closely, especially in categories like Home & Furniture with low brand loyalty.

    Consumer Electronics

    This Prime Day, five smartphones got sold every second with 70% of the demand coming from Tier 2 & 3 cities in India, largely comprising of foldable smartphones and newly launched smartphones (OnePlus Nord 3 5G, Samsung Galaxy M34 5G, Motorola Razr 40 Series, Realme Narzo 60 Series and iQOO Neo 7 Pro 5G). Multiple new products were launched this Prime Day, by brands such as OnePlus, iQOO, Realme Narzo, Samsung, Motorola, boAt, Sony, and more in India.

    Consumer electronics average price reduction across retailers on Prime Day.

    Despite the high demand and new product launches, Amazon’s price reductions in the Consumer Electronics category averaged only 0.9% across 27% of its assortment. Similar to what we observed in the Home & Furniture category, this can be attributed to the prevailing high average discount of 44.8% the week prior to Prime Day. Essentially, in Consumer Electronics, shoppers needn’t always wait till sale events like Prime Day to view the most attractive deals. Several are offered even during the days leading up to the sale.

    Across subcategories, Earbuds (2.4%), Wireless Headphones (1.6%), and TVs (1.3%) received the highest price reductions due to their popularity and high sales volumes during sales events. On the other hand, Smartwatches (0.6%), Drones (0.4%), and Smartphones (0.3%) had lower markdowns.

    Consumer electronics average price reduction across subcategories on Amazon.

    In terms of price reductions across brands, Da Capo (52.6%), Muzen (33.3%), JLab (23.6%), and Earboss (21.5%) offered the most attractive deals in the Consumer Electronics category. Notably, Amazon Basics also offered modestly attractive deals (12.2%), highlighting Amazon’s strategy of promoting in-house brands.

    Consumer electronics average price reduction across leading brands on Amazon.

    The Consumer Electronics category has a loyal shopper base, but generic search keywords like earbuds, headphones, and tablets remain essential for attracting high-intent shoppers and increasing brand awareness. So when it comes to Share of Search, Noise in Smartwatches, Samsung in Smartphones and Tablets, and HP in Laptops, all made strong strides in building their discoverability on Amazon during Prime Day.

    Consumer electronics share of search on Amazon on Prime Day.

    Xiaomi in Laptops, Ekko in Earbuds, OnePlus in Smartphones and Apple in Tablets, lost out to other brands during the sale.

    Health & Beauty

    Health & Beauty emerged as the top-performing category in terms of additional discounts during Prime Day in India. Our data shows that Amazon offered an average additional discount of 5.3% on almost half of its products (46.8%) in this category. Competing head to head with Amazon in this category, Flipkart offered 5.5% additional discounts across 35.8% of its assortment.

    Health & beauty average price reduction across retailers on Prime Day.

    Within all the subcategories we analyzed, Sunscreen (7.5%), Make-Up (7.2%), Shampoo (6.6%), and Moisturiser (6.4%) saw the highest price reductions on Amazon. Conversely, staple items like Toothpaste (3.%) and Beardcare (3.6%) had lower markdowns.

    Health & beauty average price reduction across subcategories on Amazon.

    During the sale event, brands like Sadhev (43.4%), Clear (41.1%), Teenilicious (40.4%), and Coal Clean Beauty (38.4%), offered the most attractive deals.

    Health & beauty average price reduction across leading brands on Amazon.

    In terms of significant gains in Share of Search for brands, L’Oreal Paris in Shampoo and Conditioner led the pack along with Oracura in Electric toothbrushes and The Formularx in Moisturiser. Perfora in Toothpastes and Ustraa in Beardcare also gained more than 10% in their Share of Search during the sale event.

    Health & beauty share of search on Amazon on Prime Day.

    Other popular brands like Tresemme in Conditioners, and Swiss Beauty in Make-Up surprisingly had reduced visibility among the top search results for relevant subcategories.

    Navigating the Competitive Landscape: How To Thrive During Sale Events

    Amazon’s strategic pricing during Prime Day reflects a balance of profitability, inventory, and competition. Competitive pricing insights empower retailers to make informed decisions, optimize strategies, and thrive during high-stakes events. Prime Day serves as a crucial opportunity to drive sales, attract new customers, and boost loyalty. Therefore, monitoring competitor prices accurately, at scale, is essential for impactful pricing strategies.

    For more insights on staying ahead during sale events, reach out to us today!

    If you’d like to learn about Amazon’s pricing and discounts during Prime Day 2023 in the US, check out our analysis here.